Since the advent of “smart city” concept, domestic and foreign enterprises, research institutions and experts have definition and research. Summed up, mainly smart city focus on the following three points:
First, smart city construction is bound to the main line of information technology applications. The smart city can be regarded as the advanced stage of urban informatization, which inevitably involves the innovative application of information technology. The core of information technology is Emerging hotspot technologies such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, mobile Internet , large data and etc.
Second, the smart city is a complex, interactive system. In this system, information technology and other resources work together to promote the city more intelligent operation.
Third, the smart city is the emerging mode of urban development. Smart city is oriented to the city - government, enterprise and individual. Its result is the transformation, improvement and perfection of city production and lifestyle. The ultimate manifestation is that human beings have a better city life
In summary, the essence of smart city is the high degree of integration of information technology and urbanization, it is a new generation of information technology development and knowledge society innovation 2.0 environment to a higher stage of urban information development performance.
Smart city will become a overall city development strategy, as the economic transformation, industrial upgrading, the city to enhance the new engine, to improve the people's well-being of life, the economic competitiveness of enterprises, the purpose of sustainable urban development, embodies the era of 2.0 the development of ideas and innovative spirit.
The smart city is a support of new generation of information technology , which is the city form under the knowledge society innovation 2.0 environment, the smart city through the Internet of things, cloud computing and other new generation of information technology and wiki, social networking, Fab Lab, Living Lab, integrated and other tools and The application of methods, to achieve a comprehensive and thorough perception, broadband ubiquitous interconnection, intelligent integration of applications and to user innovation, open innovation, public innovation, collaborative innovation characterized by sustainable innovation. With the rise of the network empire, the integration development of mobile technology and innovation of the democratization process, smart city is advanced forms of development of information technology city under the knowledge society environment.
From the perspective of technological development, Smart city construction through the mobile technology as the representative with the Internet of things, cloud computing and other new generation of information technology applications pervasive computing and integration applications,From the perspective of social development, Smart City also requires the application of tools and methods such as Wikipedia, Social Network, Fab Lab, Living Lab, and Integration Integration to realize the knowledge society characterized by user innovation, open innovation, public innovation and collaborative innovation Environment, sustainable innovation, emphasizing the value creation, people-oriented to achieve economic, social and environmental comprehensive and sustainable development.
In November 2008, the Foreign Relations Council held in New York, IBM put forward the idea of "the smart earth", which led to the boom of smart city. In 2010, IBM formally put forward the "smart city" vision, hoping for the world and China's urban development contribute to their own strength. IBM has argued that the city consists of six core systems of different types of networks, infrastructure and environment that relate to the city's main functions: organization (human), business / government, transportation, communications, water and energy. These systems are not fragmented, but in a collaborative way. The city itself, it is composed of these systems by the macro system.
In 2006, the European Union launched the Living Lab organization in Europe, which uses new tools and methods, advanced information and communication technologies to mobilize all aspects of "collective wisdom and creativity" to provide opportunities for solving social problems. The organization also launched the European Smart City Network. Living Lab is user-centric, with the help of open and innovative space to help residents use information technology and mobile application services to improve the quality of life, so that people's needs in the meantime to get the most respect and satisfaction.
In 2009, Dubuque City worked with IBM to build the first smart city in the United States. Use of Internet of Things technology to connect, monitor, analyze and integrate data from a variety of urban public resources (water, electricity, oil, gas, transportation, public services, etc.) in a community of sixty thousand inhabitants Intelligent response, better serve the public.
Japan launched the "I-Japan Smart Japan Strategy 2015" in 2009 to integrate digital information technology into every corner of production and life, focusing on three major public utilities in e-government governance, health care, education and talent development.
South Korea based on the network, to create green, digital, seamless mobile connection of the ecological, intelligent city. Through the integration of public communication platform, and ubiquitous network access, consumers can easily carry out distance education, medical care, taxation, but also to achieve intelligent building energy monitoring and so on.
Singapore launched the "Smart 2015" program in 2006, through the Internet of Things and other new generation of information technology, the positive application of Singapore to build a economic and social development of first-class international city. In terms of e-government, people's livelihood and pandemic, Singapore's results are compelling. Which intelligent transportation system through a variety of sensor data, operating information and a wealth of user interaction experience for the public travel to provide real-time, appropriate traffic information.
The Fab Lab (Micro Assembly Laboratory), launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Bit and Atomic Research Center, is based on the development of social technology from personal communication to personal computing to individual manufacturing, trying to build user-centric, application-oriented users. Environment, so that people even in their own homes can also be arbitrary design and manufacture of their imagination products, Barcelona and other cities from Fab Lab to Fab City practice from another perspective to interpret the wisdom of the city people-oriented sustainable innovation connotation.
In recent years, many cities in Europe have established a smart city strategy, the wisdom of the city is regarded as an important area to revive the economy, but also to enhance the competitiveness of the city and solve the problem of urban development, an important way to rebuild the city. In 2002-2005, Europe implemented the e-Europe action plan, and the third phase of the information society development strategy was completed between 2006 and 2010. On this basis, the European cities began the practice of the wisdom of the city. 2000 Southampton, UK launched a smart card project. In 2005 the British government launched a nomadic project to promote mobile ubiquitous government administration and public services. In 2006, Stockholm City, Sweden, conducted a representative of the intelligent traffic construction practice. And some of the first cities are also more and more from the people-oriented perspective to carry out the construction of smart city, such as the EU launched a knowledge society for innovation 2.0 Living Lab (life laboratory) program, is committed to the city to create an open space for innovation, To create a conducive to the emergence of innovative urban ecology, and Living Lab as the carrier to promote the construction of the wisdom of the city. Finland's Helsinki, Copenhagen, Denmark, the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Spain, Barcelona and other cities have also launched a smart city construction. Europe has made a number of successful practices in the areas of intelligent city infrastructure construction and related technological innovation, public services, transportation and energy management, and has made great progress in building innovative and sustainable wisdom cities.
